At the end of my sophomore year during my undergraduate program, I still had no idea about what I was going to do once I graduated. I had tested the waters with an internship and had a rough idea that a software engineering job was not a good fit for me. I attended a seminar by Dr. Ihsan about grad school where I first learned that I could also consider applying for a PhD program without getting a master's degree first. I had no experience with research back then. Still, a few things about a PhD stood out to me: a certain amount of freedom in pursuing problems you’re interested in, ownership of your work, and the possibility of staying in a school a bit longer :p. This led me to seek advice from many seniors and professors, whose timely advice gave me more clarity on the fact that I indeed wanted to pursue a PhD and put my trajectory on the right path.
Since I had just one year left until I had to apply for grad schools, I planned my next year around this goal. I took multiple research project-centered courses in different areas. This helped me ascertain what areas I potentially liked and with certainly more clarity, what areas I did not like. Taking these courses also reaffirmed that I indeed enjoyed research. I had further discussions with my professors (Dr. Ihsan, Dr. Zafar, and Dr. Junaid) who helped me in making decisions about what research areas I should consider, and resultantly what labs I should apply to. They also gave me crucial feedback on my application material. I was finally able to secure admission to one of my top preferences. The advice from my professors and peers has also helped me throughout my PhD journey so far.
My advice to other sophomores who find themselves in my shoes would be to seek advice from your seniors and professors. Ask a lot of questions, assess the responses you get, and then make a decision about what you want to do after your graduation. PhD is a significantly long commitment, therefore you should have strong reasons to pursue it. Discuss with seniors and professors about why you should pursue a PhD (or not).
Once you decide that you indeed want to pursue a PhD, you should plan how you want to apply. Preparing for good applications can take almost a year, therefore it is good to have clarity on your future goals early on. Assess your academics (GPA, research experience, etc.) and draft a plan for yourself (i.e. what courses you need to take, what areas you want to explore, how to improve your profile, etc.). All things will not go according to your plan, but it will still push you in the expected direction. Take courses where you’re expected to do a research project, find collaborators, and aim to do a project that you can try to submit to a conference or a journal. Having collaborators and advisors, who can write strong recommendations for you can significantly strengthen your application. Similarly, delivering a strong research project or submitting a good paper can also improve your chances.
Lastly, it is crucial to take good care of your mental health during this time period. Getting rejections or facing failures in not being able to achieve certain goals can be devastating. But during this time, turn to friends, family, and your peers for support.